Program Description
The Bachelors of Science (B.S.) degree in biology provides a strong foundation in life sciences emphasizing an interdisciplinary and liberal education approach. Biology majors study the diversity of life, and vital topics such as structure and function, evolution, genetics, and cellular and molecular biology. Students considering a degree in the Biological Sciences can opt for a general curriculum or could choose to focus in a particular area by selecting two areas of concentration listed below. All of these curricula lead to a variety of overlapping post-graduation school and career options. In addition to a major in Biology, the program also offers minors in Biology, Biotechnology, and Neuroscience for non-biology majors. We encourage students to examine the differences in course requirements and select a curriculum that best matches their academic interests.
Concentrations
- General Biology (GBIO)
- Pre-Health Professional (HLT)
The Department of Biological Sciences no longer offers the following Areas of Concentration: Biotechnology, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology, and Neuroscience.
Student Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of the program, the student will:
- Demonstrate both in-depth and broad knowledge of the concepts comprising the biological sciences.
- Integrate knowledge across sub-disciplines of biology.
- Demonstrate basic laboratory skills, including quantitative (and qualitative) skills.
- Demonstrate critical thinking skills, including developing hypotheses and designing, conducting, analyzing, and interpreting experiments.
- Communicate biological knowledge effectively in written and oral form.
- Find, select, and evaluate various types of scientific information.
General Major Requirements
Students majoring in biology must complete a minimum of 120 semester hours (SH) in order to graduate. This includes satisfying the General Education (GE) course requirements, completing outlined areas of foundation, breadth, and depth courses, and appropriate elective requirements. Several of these courses can also be taken as part of the general education (GE) requirements. Required major courses include 22 SH of Foundation courses, 21 SH of Breadth courses and 14 SH of Depth courses. A minimum grade of C- or better is required in each of the Foundation, Breadth and Depth courses. In addition, during the senior year, all students must complete and present a Senior Reflection Project. This project provides a “capstone” experience and will be in the form of an e-portfolio.
Students who plan to attend graduate, professional, or medical school may need additional courses that are not required for the biology major. Students are strongly advised to investigate the requirements early, consult with their advisors, and plan their schedules accordingly.
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Major Curriculum
Foundation Courses (22 Semester Hours)
The following foundation courses are required to prepare students for both breadth and depth studies.
BIO 1313 /BIO 1113 Gen Biology I and Lab (GE)
BIO 1314 /BIO 1114 Gen Biology II and Lab (GE)
BIO 1307 Scientific Writing (GE)
[Pre-requisite: Level I writing course] (GE)
CHE 1313 /CHE 1113 Gen Chem I and Lab (GE)
[Pre-requisite: MAT 1311 or higher]
CHE 1314 /CHE 1114 Gen Chem II and Lab (GE)
*MAT 2326 /PSY 2326 /SOC 2326 /GER 2326 or MAT 3310 or EXS 2310 or MAT 2317 Calculus I (all are GE except MAT 3310 )
*For most medical and graduate programs at least 2 semesters of math are required, at least one in calculus.
Breadth (21 Semester Hours minimum)
Students must complete CHE 2326 (Organic Chemistry I; lab is optional) and PHY 1321 /PHY 1121 (College Physics I lecture/lab). Students must complete the remaining 13-14 hours by taking a minimum one course (with or without accompanying lab) from each of the Areas I, II, III, and IV. Courses used to fulfill the breadth areas may not be used to fulfill depth concentration requirements.
Area I (2–4 SH): Biotechniques and Lab Skills
BIO 1315 Intro to Biotechnology (BIO 1115 lab optional)
BIO 3201 Tissue Culture
BIO 2277 Investigation & Research I
BIO 3277 Investigation & Research II
BIO 3333 Field Biology
Area II (3–4 SH): Cells & Molecules
Optional laboratories may be taken with the lecture to fulfill the breadth hours.
BIO 3337 Biomolecules (BIO 3137 lab optional)
BIO 3342 Introduction to Molecular Biology
BIO 3364 Cell Biology (BIO 3164 lab optional)
Area III (3–4 SH): Structure & Function
Optional laboratories may be taken with the lecture to fulfill the breadth hours.
BIO 3231 /BIO 3232 Microbiology with lab
BIO 3311 /BIO 3111 Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology with lab
BIO 3336 Developmental Biology (BIO 3136 lab optional)
BIO 3343 Histology (BIO 3143 lab optional)
BIO 2311 /BIO 2111 Anatomy & Physiology I with lab
Area IV (3 SH): Heredity, Evolution, & Diversity
Optional laboratories may be taken with the course to fulfill the breadth hours.
BIO 2310 Zoology (BIO 2110 lab optional)
BIO 2316 Botany (BIO 2116 lab optional)
BIO 3366 Genetics (BIO 3166 lab optional)
BIO 3371 Ecology & Evolution (BIO 3171 lab optional)
Depth (14 Semester Hours)
The biological sciences program does offer a General Biology (GBIO) degree. However, students may alternatively elect to choose to focus in a specific area by selecting 1 of 5 areas of depth or concentration (minimum 14 SH). The optional concentration areas are Biotechnology (BTC), Cellular and Molecular Biology (CMOL), Microbiology (MBIO), Neuroscience (NSC), and Pre-Professional (HLT).
General Biology
The General Biology degree without a concentration allows students to explore several biological disciplines instead of concentrating on one specific area. Students will obtain a greater breadth of knowledge by completing additional coursework in breadth areas II, III and IV and BIO elective courses if needed. This concentration is designed for students seeking a more general education in the biological sciences and for students who do not have immediate plans to enter graduate or professional schools. This concentration would be particularly suited for those students pursuing a career in education.
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General Biology (≥) 14 SH without Concentration
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Required Courses (4 SH)
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BIO 4276
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Seminar
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BIO 4277
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Investigation and Research III
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In addition to the required 14 SH in the breadth areas, students with a focus in General Biology must complete 11-15 SH consisting of one additional course from each of the Breadth Areas (II, III and IV) along with one Biology elective course ≥ 3000 level).
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Biotechnology
The Biology degree with a Biotechnology concentration is designed for scholars seeking work in the pharmaceutical or biotech industry and allows students to gain hands-on experience using several cutting-edge molecular techniques and research instrumentation. Additionally, this concentration focuses on developing more advanced technical skills that are essential for career success.
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Biotechnology Concentration (≥ 14 SH)
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Required Courses (4 SH)
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BIO 4276
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Seminar
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BIO 4277
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Investigation and Research III
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or
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BIO 4406
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Biotechnology Internship
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≥ 10 SH of any of the following depth courses
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BIO 3305
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Topics in Bioinformatics
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BIO 3334
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Molecular Biology and Biotech I
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BIO 3335
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Molecular Biology and Biotech II
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BIO 4374
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Proteomics
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BIO 4347
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Molecular Genetics
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BIO 3201
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Tissue Culture
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BIO 3347
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Industrial Microbiology
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BIO 3147
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Industrial Microbiology Lab
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BIO 3352
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Biotechnology Regulations, Laws & Ethics
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BUA 3302
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Business Ethics
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Cellular and Molecular Biology
The Biology degree with a Cellular and Molecular Biology concentration prepares students to be at the cutting edge in modern cell and molecular biology and to be fully prepared to be competitive in applications for entry into graduate degree programs; medical, veterinary, or dental programs; or technical industrial jobs.
Microbiology
The Biology degree with a Microbiology concentration provides excellent preparation for graduate study in many areas of biological science, as well as for professional study in medical, veterinary, or dental school. Graduates with bachelor’s degrees can pursue careers in industrial, environmental, clinical, food, or pharmaceutical microbiology, and can also work as technicians in university, government, industrial, or hospital research laboratories.
Neurosciences
Students pursuing the Biology degree with a Neuroscience concentration will use methods and theories spanning disciplines from biochemistry to psychology to investigate the function of the nervous system. This concentration prepares students for advanced study in neuroscience or careers in biotechnology, governmental, pharmaceutical, health care, and social service organizations.
Pre-Health Professional
The Biology degree with a Pre-Professional concentration is designed to assist a student in gaining admission to and succeeding in a professional health program, including, but not limited to allopathic medicine, chiropractic medicine, dentistry, optometry, osteopathic medicine, pharmacy, physician assistant, physical therapy, podiatric medicine, and veterinary medicine.
Recommendations
Admission requirements for graduate, professional, or medical programs may vary. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that students investigate the requirements early, consult with their advisors, and plan their schedules accordingly. In addition, many courses have prerequisites of which students need to be aware. For detailed course options for specific concentrations, please refer to the departmental program planning worksheets: https://www.wssu.edu/admissions/programs/biology.html
Minor Curriculum
Minor programs in the Department of Biological Sciences are designed for students pursuing major degrees outside of the Biological Sciences. These programs are offered to students who may have an interest in the biological sciences or more focused interest in the areas of biotechnology or neuroscience. Each minor program requires a minimum of 18 SH, with a required grade of “C−” or better in all required courses. Requirements for each specific program are below.
Biology Minor
Required General Education Courses
BIO 1313 /BIO 1113 General Biology I/Lab
BIO 1314 /BIO 1114 General Biology II/ Lab
In addition to the required general education courses, students must complete a minimum of 10 semester hours of biology courses (BIO) beyond the GE requirements.
Biotechnology Minor
Required General Education Courses
BIO 1315 Introduction to Biotechnology (BIO 1115 Lab optional)
BIO 1313 /BIO 1113 General Biology I/ Lab
BUA 3302 Business Ethics
In addition to the required general education courses, students must complete ≥11 hours of courses from the biotechnology curriculum that is listed below.
BIO 4277 Investigation & Research or BIO 4406 Internship - Required
BIO 3305 Bioinformatics
BIO 3334 Molecular Biology and Biotechniques I
BIO 3347 Industrial Microbiology
BIO 3147 Industrial Microbiology Lab
BIO 4347 Molecular Genetics
BIO 4374 Proteomics
Neuroscience Minor
Required General Education Courses
BIO 1313 /BIO 1113 General Biology I/Lab
PSY 1301 Introduction to Psychological Sciences
In addition to the general education courses, students must complete a minimum of 18-19 hours of courses related physiology, neuroscience, and psychology. This can be done by completing either the Neuroscience I or II pathway.
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Neuroscience Pathway I
Required courses:
BIO 2311 Anatomy & Physiology I
BIO 2111 Anatomy & Physiology I Lab
BIO 2312 Anatomy & Physiology II
BIO 2112 Anatomy & Physiology II Lab
BIO 3315 Fundamentals of Neuroscience
BIO 3115 Fundamentals of Neuroscience Lab
BIO 3225 Neuroscience Seminar
BIO 4277 Investigation and Research III
Select one Psychological Sciences course from the following:
PSY 3301 Biological Psychology
PSY 3307 Social Psychology
PSY 3308 Cognitive Psychology
PSY 2336 Lifespan Psychology
PSY 3348 Sensation and Perception
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Neuroscience Pathway II
Required courses:
BIO 3311 Fundamentals of Anatomy &
Physiology
BIO 3111 Fundamentals of Anatomy &
Physiology Lab
BIO 3315 Fundamentals of Neuroscience
BIO 3115 Fundamentals of Neuroscience Lab
BIO 3225 Neuroscience Seminar
BIO 4277 Investigation and Research III
Select two Psychological Sciences course from the following:
PSY 3301 Biological Psychology
PSY 3307 Social Psychology
PSY 3308 Cognitive Psychology
PSY 2336 Lifespan Psychology
PSY 3348 Sensation and Perception
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